FDA要求标示为无菌的器械的SAL为10^-6,除非它只用于完整的皮肤接触,在这种情况下,建议SAL为10^-3。公认的灭菌标准是:
ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11135—Medical devices—Validation and routine control of ethyl- ene oxide sterilization
AAMI/CDV 11137 Sterilization of health care products—Radiation
AAMI/ISO Technical Information Report (TIR) 13409 Sterilization of health care products—Radiation sterilization.